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                    <h1 class="description center-align post-title">小程序面试总结</h1>
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                                <span class="chip bg-color">+ 小程序</span>
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                                小程序
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                    <i class="far fa-calendar-minus fa-fw"></i>发布日期:&nbsp;&nbsp;
                    2021-06-21
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                <p>总结了一些关于小程序的面试题</p>
<h4 id="1-0-小程序的生命周期函数"><a href="#1-0-小程序的生命周期函数" class="headerlink" title="1.0 小程序的生命周期函数"></a>1.0 小程序的生命周期函数</h4><p>小程序的应用生命周期</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>生命周期函数</th>
<th>说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>onLaunch</td>
<td>生命周期回调-监听小程序初始化</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>onShow</td>
<td>生命周期回调-监听小程序启动或者切前台显示页面</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>onHide</td>
<td>生命周期回调-监听小程序切后台</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>onError</td>
<td>错误监听函数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>onPageNotFound</td>
<td>页面不存在监听函数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>onUnhandledRejection</td>
<td>未处理的 Promise 拒绝事件监听函数。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>onThemeChange</td>
<td>监听系统主题变化</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>页面的生命周期</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>生命周期函数</th>
<th>说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>onLoad</td>
<td>生命周期回调-监听页面的加载</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>onReady</td>
<td>生命周期回调-监听页面初次渲染完成</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>onShow</td>
<td>生命周期回调-监听页面的显示</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>onHide</td>
<td>生命周期回调-监听页面的隐藏</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>onUnload</td>
<td>生命周期回调-监听页面的卸载</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h4 id="2-0-小程序的架构原理"><a href="#2-0-小程序的架构原理" class="headerlink" title="2.0 小程序的架构原理"></a>2.0 小程序的架构原理</h4><p>小程序与 H5 的区别?<br>运行环境不同：小程序基于微信系统, 而 H5 的宿主环境是浏览器, 所以小程序中是没有 BOM 和 DOM 相关 API 的;<br>渲染机制: 小程序的逻辑层和渲染层是分开的, 而 H5 页面 UI 渲染和 javaScript 都是在一个单线程中; </p>
<ul>
<li>1.0 小程序是才用 javaScript、wxml、wxss 三种技术开发; </li>
<li>2.0 微信的架构: 是数据驱动的模式, 它的 UI 和功能是分开的, 所有的页面更新, 都需要通过对数据的更改来实现; </li>
<li>3.0 小程序功能分为 webView 和 APPservice, webView 主要用来展示 UI, APPservice 用来处理业务逻辑, 数据以及接口调用; 他们是在两个进程中进行, 通过系统层 JSBridge 实现通信, 实现 UI 的渲染, 事件处理; </li>
</ul>
<p>小程序是双线程的<br>渲染层的界面使用了 webView 进行渲染, 逻辑层才用了 JSCore 线程运行 JS 脚本; webView 用来展现 UI, JSCore 用来处理业务逻辑; </p>
<p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/06/21/jgH98uQWPIcMa3N.png" alt="小程序双线程"></p>
<h4 id="3-0-小程序的双向绑定和-Vue-的异同"><a href="#3-0-小程序的双向绑定和-Vue-的异同" class="headerlink" title="3.0 小程序的双向绑定和 Vue 的异同"></a>3.0 小程序的双向绑定和 Vue 的异同</h4><p>小程序是通过 input 中的 bindinput 绑定事件, 然后通过 e.detail.value 获取输入的值;<br>另外, 小程序如果要更新值是通过 this.setData({})的方式更新; </p>
<h4 id="小程序的数据绑定"><a href="#小程序的数据绑定" class="headerlink" title="小程序的数据绑定"></a>小程序的数据绑定</h4><p>和Vue是一样的, 在data中定义数据; 在绑定在wxml中; </p>
<h4 id="小程序的事件绑定"><a href="#小程序的事件绑定" class="headerlink" title="小程序的事件绑定"></a>小程序的事件绑定</h4><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>事件绑定类型</th>
<th>说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>tap</td>
<td>bindtap或者bind:tap 类似于html中的click</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>input</td>
<td>bindinput或bind:input 文本框的输入事件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>change</td>
<td>bindchange或bind:change 状态改变事件</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>事件绑定的传参<br><button bind:input = "handleInput" :data-info = "123"></button></p>
<p>handleInput(e) {<br>  let{info} = e.taget.dataset;<br>  this.setData({<br>  info:this.data.info + 1<br>})<br>}</p>
<p>bindtap和catchtap的区别<br>都是点击事件,但是bindtap有冒泡行为 catchtap可以阻止冒泡行为</p>
<h4 id="小程序的数据更新"><a href="#小程序的数据更新" class="headerlink" title="小程序的数据更新"></a>小程序的数据更新</h4><p>通过this.setData(object), 参数为一个对象的键值对;<br>this.setData({<br>  count:this.data.count + 1<br>})</p>
<h4 id="4-0-简述一下小程序的相关文件类型"><a href="#4-0-简述一下小程序的相关文件类型" class="headerlink" title="4.0 简述一下小程序的相关文件类型"></a>4.0 简述一下小程序的相关文件类型</h4><ul>
<li><p>简述一下小程序的相关文件类型</p>
<ul>
<li>1.0 wxml 是类似 html; </li>
<li>2.0 wxss 是类似 CSS; </li>
<li>3.0 js 是处理 javaScript 的业务逻辑; </li>
<li>4.0 JSON 是配置文件如页面注册、页面标题以及 tabBar; </li>
<li>5.0 app.json 是整个小程序的全局配置: 如标题、底部 Tab 界面表现(页面注册)、window(背景颜色、导航样式、默认标题); </li>
<li>6.0 app.js 是入口文件, 监听并处理小程序的生命周期函数、声明全局变量; </li>
<li>7.0 app.wxss 是全局的样式处理; </li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="5-0-谈谈-wxml-与标准的-html-的异同？"><a href="#5-0-谈谈-wxml-与标准的-html-的异同？" class="headerlink" title="5.0 谈谈 wxml 与标准的 html 的异同？"></a>5.0 谈谈 wxml 与标准的 html 的异同？</h4><p>html 中是 div 标签和 span 标签 , img标签 , a标签;<br>wxml 中是 view 标签和 text 标签, image标签 navigator标签;<br>循环遍历:wx:for=”“ wx:for-item=”item” wx:for-index=”index”<br>条件渲染:wx:if=”{true 或者 false}”或者给标签直接加上 hidden 属性; 两者对应 Vue 的 v-if 和 v-show; </p>
<h4 id="6-0-谈谈-wxss-与-css-的异同？"><a href="#6-0-谈谈-wxss-与-css-的异同？" class="headerlink" title="6.0 谈谈 wxss 与 css 的异同？"></a>6.0 谈谈 wxss 与 css 的异同？</h4><ul>
<li>wxss 的单位是 rpx; 这是 一个相对长度单位: 规定了屏幕宽度为 750rpx, 如果你的屏幕是 iphone6, 屏幕宽度为 375px, 则 2rpx = 1px; </li>
<li>背景图片只能引入外链,不能使用本地图片<br>通过@import’路径’引入; <code>路径必须是相对路径</code> ; </li>
</ul>
<h4 id="7-0-谈谈原生开发小程序、wepy、mpVue-的对比？"><a href="#7-0-谈谈原生开发小程序、wepy、mpVue-的对比？" class="headerlink" title="7.0 谈谈原生开发小程序、wepy、mpVue 的对比？"></a>7.0 谈谈原生开发小程序、wepy、mpVue 的对比？</h4><h4 id="8-0-如何提高小程序的应用速度？"><a href="#8-0-如何提高小程序的应用速度？" class="headerlink" title="8.0 如何提高小程序的应用速度？"></a>8.0 如何提高小程序的应用速度？</h4><!-- 详细方法后面补充 -->

<ul>
<li>1.0 提高页面的加载速度; </li>
<li>2.0 用户行为预测</li>
<li>3.0 减少默认 data 的大小; </li>
<li>4.0 组件化方案; </li>
</ul>
<h4 id="9-0-分析一下微信小程序的优劣势？"><a href="#9-0-分析一下微信小程序的优劣势？" class="headerlink" title="9.0 分析一下微信小程序的优劣势？"></a>9.0 分析一下微信小程序的优劣势？</h4><p>优势:</p>
<ul>
<li>1.0 开发文档比较完善, 开发社区也比较活跃; </li>
<li>2.0 容易上手, 开发门槛低基础组件比较齐全; </li>
<li>3.0 良好的用户体验, 不需要下载;<br>劣势:</li>
<li>1.0 限制较多, 页面大小不能超过 1M; </li>
<li>2.0 依托于微信, 无法开发后台管理系统; </li>
<li>3.0 调试麻烦, 因为 api 接口必须 https 请求并且公网地址; </li>
<li>4.0 真机测试, 个别功能安卓和苹果表现迥异; </li>
</ul>
<h4 id="10-0-bindtap-和-catchtap-的区别？"><a href="#10-0-bindtap-和-catchtap-的区别？" class="headerlink" title="10.0 bindtap 和 catchtap 的区别？"></a>10.0 bindtap 和 catchtap 的区别？</h4><p>相同点：首先他们都是作为点击事件函数，就是点击时触发。在这个作用上他们是一样的，可以不做区分<br>不同点：他们的不同点主要是 bindtap 是不会阻止冒泡事件的，catchtap 是阻值冒泡的</p>
<h4 id="11-0-简述-5-个路由的区别？"><a href="#11-0-简述-5-个路由的区别？" class="headerlink" title="11.0 简述 5 个路由的区别？"></a>11.0 简述 5 个路由的区别？</h4><p>wx.navigateTo()<br>wx.redirectTo()<br>wx.switchTab()<br>wx.navigateBack()<br>wx.reLaunch()</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>路由</th>
<th>说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>wx.navigateTo()</td>
<td>保留当前页面，跳转到应用内的某个页面。但是不能跳到 tabbar 页面</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>wx.redirectTo()</td>
<td>关闭当前页面，跳转到应用内的某个页面。但是不允许跳转到 tabbar 页面</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>wx.switchTab()</td>
<td>跳转到 tabBar 页面，并关闭其他所有非 tabBar 页面</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>wx.navigateBack()</td>
<td>关闭当前页面，返回上一页面或多级页面。可通过 getCurrentPages() 获取当前的页面栈，决定需要返回几层</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>wx.reLaunch()</td>
<td>关闭所有页面，打开到应用内的某个页面</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h4 id="12-0-如何实现登录数据的持久化"><a href="#12-0-如何实现登录数据的持久化" class="headerlink" title="12.0 如何实现登录数据的持久化 ?"></a>12.0 如何实现登录数据的持久化 ?</h4><p>可以通过 wx.setStorageSync(‘键名’, 对应的值)来进行数据持久化</p>
<h4 id="13-0-小程序可以操作DOM吗？"><a href="#13-0-小程序可以操作DOM吗？" class="headerlink" title="13.0 小程序可以操作DOM吗？"></a>13.0 小程序可以操作DOM吗？</h4><p>小程序中是没有DOM的; 无法操作DOM；<br>但是小程序可以曲线去操作DOM</p>
<pre><code>&lt;!-- 浏览器中 --&gt;
const el = document.querySelector(&#39;#the-id&#39;)
console.log(el.boundingClientRect().top)</code></pre>
<pre><code>&lt;!-- 小程序中 --&gt;
const query = wx.createSelectorQuery()
// 组件中：const query = wx.createSelectorQuery().in(&#39;组件id&#39;)
query.select(&#39;#the-id&#39;).boundingClientRect()
query.exec(function (res) &#123;
    console.log(res[0].top)
&#125;)</code></pre>
<p>createSelectorQuery创建一个jquery对象</p>
<h4 id="小程序页面之间有哪些（传值）传递数据的方法"><a href="#小程序页面之间有哪些（传值）传递数据的方法" class="headerlink" title="小程序页面之间有哪些（传值）传递数据的方法"></a>小程序页面之间有哪些（传值）传递数据的方法</h4><ul>
<li><p>使用全局变量 ,在app.js中定义globalData = {}中放入需要存储的数据<br>在组件.js中,引入const app = getApp();获取全局变量<br>直接使用app.globalData.key进行赋值和获取值</p>
</li>
<li><p>使用路由<br>wx.navigateTo和wx.redirectTo通过在url后面拼接变量<br>在目标页面中通过onLoad生命周期函获取参数</p>
</li>
<li><p>使用本地缓存<br>wx.getStorageSync 和wx.setStorageSync </p>
</li>
</ul>

                
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